ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka neʻe ʻana o ka lāʻau Cannabis i USA a me kona koʻikoʻi no nā pediatricians
Author: ʻO Lucie Garabasova
He aha ka mōʻaukala o ka cannabis lapaʻau ma USA? E nānā kākou i ka mōʻaukala o ka cannabis, kona hopena i ke kino o ke kanaka (kākoʻo ʻia e nā haʻawina), a ʻoi aku ka hopena i nā maʻi pediatric. Ua mākaukau nā pediatric e kū i ka nīnau i nīnau ʻia e nā mākua he nui: "Hiki i ka cannabis ke kōkua i kaʻu keiki?"
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka Medical Cannabis ma USA
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Cannabis no nā kaukani mau makahiki a puni ka honua. ʻO kāna mau moʻolelo lapaʻau mua e hōʻike ana i ka holomua ma rheumatism, constipation, a me nā pilikia gynecological ma Kina. Ma ʻEulopa, ua loaʻa ka ʻike i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19 i ka wā i hoʻopuka ai ke kauka Irish ʻo William O'Shaughnessy i kahi ʻatikala e pili ana i kāna ʻike i ka mālama ʻana i ka tetanus a me nā maʻi convulsive me ka cannabis i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana ma India. Ua helu mua ʻia ʻo Cannabis i ka US Pharmacopeia i ka makahiki 1851 ma ke ʻano he "Extract of Cannabis."
ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cannabis i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka manaʻo ʻino i ka poʻe Mekiko i neʻe i ka wā o ka Mexican Revolution ma 1910. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā lono. ka pakalōlō, hoʻohana maʻamau ma ke ʻano he leʻaleʻa ke lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻoulu i ka hewa kolohe a hoʻoweliweli iā ʻAmelika keiki. Ma waena o 1914 a me 1925, 26 mau mokuʻāina i pāpā i ka cannabis. I ka makahiki 1930, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Federal Bureau of Narcotics ma ke ʻano he US Treasury agency a alakaʻi i ke kānāwai e kau ana i ke kānāwai ʻauhau Marijuana ma 1937.
Hoʻopaʻa kēia kānāwai i ka cannabis i ka hoʻohana lapaʻau wale nō a hoʻopaʻi nui ʻia i nā kauka i mālama ʻole i nā moʻolelo olakino kikoʻī loa e like me ke kānāwai, e hoʻopau pono i nā hoʻohana lāʻau āpau.
I ka wā i hoʻoholo ʻia ai ka Controlled Substances Act i ka makahiki 1970, e hoʻokumu ana i ka mākaʻikaʻi federal ma luna o nā lāʻau i manaʻo ʻia he pōʻino a kau ʻia i nā mea paʻa, ua helu ʻia ka cannabis ma ke ʻano he lāʻau Hōʻike I, ka ʻāpana paʻa loa. Hāʻawi kēia hoʻohālikelike i ka cannabis ma ka pae like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ke alanui (e laʻa, heroin, LSD), i manaʻo ʻia he kiʻekiʻe koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana a "ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana lāʻau i kēia manawa."
ʻO ke kauka i kākoʻo i ka cannabis ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono ʻo Tod Mikuriya, he psychiatrist Kaleponi i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka kupuna kāne o ka ʻoihana cannabis lapaʻau" ma USA. I ka makahiki 1967, ua hana pōkole ʻo ia no ka National Institute of Mental Health a ua koho ʻia ʻo ia e noiʻi i ka cannabis.
Nā palapala āna i hōʻiliʻili ai a paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1973 ma ke ʻano he puke i kapa ʻia Marijuana: Nā Pepa Lapaʻau, 1839–1972 Ua lilo ʻo ia i kumu no kāna hana lapaʻau kūkākūkā pilikino, kahi āna i mālama ai a paipai i ka cannabis i nā mea maʻi ma mua o 9,000, me ka poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi a me ka AIDS. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo ia i kona ola ʻoihana i ke aʻo ʻana, paʻi ʻana, a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka cannabis ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa i lohe ʻole ai ka hapa nui o nā kauka. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia he therapeutic ka cannabis ma mua o 200 mau kūlana olakino.
I ka wā o ka maʻi maʻi AIDS i ka makahiki 1980, ua kaulana ka cannabis ma ke ʻano he anti-nausea agent e hakakā ana i ka mea make. aoao waiwai o HIV lapaʻauʻia a ua hana pū ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu ʻai.
I ka nui aʻe o nā moʻolelo media e pili ana i nā pono he nui o ka cannabis no nā maʻi like ʻole, ua loaʻa ka cannabis lapaʻau i ke kākoʻo ākea ākea: ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi Pew Research Center e kākoʻo nei ʻo 62% o ʻAmelika i ka legalization. Loaʻa, 33 o 50 mau mokuʻāina i loaʻa nā kānāwai e hoʻopaʻa i ka cannabis no nā ʻano olakino, mai ka hopu ʻana i ka wā kamaliʻi a hiki i ka PTSD, ka maʻi obstructive sleep apnea, a me ka maʻi o Alzheimer.
Ka Moʻolelo o Cannabis - ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana
Ua hoʻomaka hou nā hana hou i ka noiʻi cannabis clinical ma USA i ka wā i hōʻike ʻia ai kahi leka 1971 ma JAMA i ka puhi ʻana i ka cannabis i hōʻemi i ke kaomi intraocular i 11 mau kumuhana. Ua hoʻomau ʻia kēia hana a hiki i ka 1970s me ka noiʻi lapaʻau e pili ana i ka cannabis ma nā wahi e pili ana asthma, antiemetics, a me analgesia. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēlā ʻano wahi hoʻohiki CBD, ka pharmacologically hana mua cannabinoid loaʻa i ka cannabis mea kanu, hoemi i ka hana hopu i na holoholona. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia i nā maʻi maʻi epileptic 9 ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka CBD i kā lākou regimen lapaʻau, a ukali ʻia e kahi noiʻi hou o 15 mau maʻi epileptic i hoʻomaikaʻi pū me CBD. Ua hoʻomaka kēia mau haʻawina koʻikoʻi ʻelua i ka ʻimi ʻana no CBD i ka hakakā ʻana i ka hopu ʻana.
ʻO ka maʻi Dravet, i ʻike mua ʻia he myoclonic koʻikoʻi epilepsy ʻO ka wā kamaliʻi—he ʻano paʻakikī o ka epilepsy—he paʻakikī loa ka mālama ʻana a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia me nā lāʻau antiepileptic.
ʻO nā hōʻike mua i hōʻike ʻia ma nā palapala lapaʻau e pili ana i ka maʻi Dravet a me CBD e pili ana i kahi noiʻi makua i paʻi ʻia ma 2013 a me ka noiʻi hihia o Charlotte ma 2014. ʻO ka mea mua he noiʻi o nā ʻohana 19 i kaʻana like i ka ʻike ma o Facebook e pili ana i ka cannabis-enriched CBD e kōkua i kā lākou. keiki me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lāʻau. ʻO ka hapa nui, 16 o 19, i hōʻike i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i CBD.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka lua o ka hōʻike i kahi kaikamahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Charlotte, ka mea i loaʻa i ka cannabis kiʻekiʻe-CBD ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau hoʻohui, a ua emi kāna mau hopu ʻana mai kahi kokoke i 50 i kēlā me kēia lā i 2-3 i kēlā me kēia mahina, me nā hopena e mau ana no 20 mau mahina.
Ma kahi kokoke i 40 mau makahiki ma hope o ka noiʻi mua ʻana o CBD kanaka i nā maʻi hopu, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo hoʻokele randomized (RCT) i nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi Dravet i hāʻawi hou ʻia i ka CBD ma kahi ʻano o 20 mg / kg / lā ma luna o kā lākou hoʻomaʻamaʻa paʻa maʻamau i hōʻemi nui i ka hopu ʻana mai 12.4 a 5.9 i kēlā me kēia mahina, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mana placebo, i hoʻemi ʻia mai ka 14.9 a i ka 14.1.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina ʻelua ua hāʻawi pū ʻia nā mea maʻi me Lennox-Gastaut maʻi CBD ma 20 mg / kg / lā e like me kā lākou mālama maʻamau he 43.9% ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka hopu ʻana i kēlā me kēia mahina ma mua o 21.8% i ka hui placebo. Ua ukali ʻia e kahi haʻawina ʻekolu e hōʻike ana i nā poʻe maʻi me Lennox-Gastaut maʻi i loaʻa iā CBD ma 20 mg / kg / lā, 10 mg / kg / lā, a i ʻole kahi placebo i ʻelua mau puʻupuʻu ma luna o 14 mau wiki i ʻike i ka 41.9%, 37.2%, a me 17.2% ka hoʻemi pinepine ʻana.
Ma muli o kēia mau ʻike, ua lilo ʻo Epidiolex i lāʻau lapaʻau mua i ʻae ʻia e ka FDA ma United States e loaʻa ana ka CBD i loaʻa mai i ka cannabis ikaika no ka hopu ʻana e pili ana me Dravet syndrome a me Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Aia nā Marinol a me Syndros i ka mea hana dronabinol, kahi delta-9- synthetic.THC ʻae ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka anorexia i ka maʻi AIDS a me ka nausea/vomiting e pili ana me ka chemotherapy i pane ʻole i nā antiemetics maʻamau. Loaʻa i ka Cesamet ka nabilone, he mea hana kemika like me delta-9-THC i ʻae ʻia no ka nausea a me ka luaʻi pili i ka chemotherapy me ka pane ʻole i nā antiemetics maʻamau.
Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka National Academies of Science ka hōʻike ʻokoʻa loa e pili ana i ka cannabis i kēia lā a paʻi ʻia ma 2017. Hōʻike ia i ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo a i ʻole nā hōʻike nui e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka cannabis i ka mālama ʻana. maʻi eha i nā mākua, ma ke ʻano he antiemetic no ka luaʻi i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka chemotherapy, a no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka spasticity i hōʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi i ka maʻi sclerosis.
Cannabis a me nā pediatricians
ʻO nā kauka i hilinaʻi i nā palapala lapaʻau i loaʻa a i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka cannabis no ka mālama ʻana i ka hopu ʻana i ka wā kamaliʻi ma mua o ka lilo ʻana o Epidiolex i ʻae ʻia e FDA ke ʻōlelo nei lākou i ka cannabis no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi pediatric, e komo pū ana. autism a me nā pilikia o ka naʻau. E like me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana o CBD e kūʻē i ka hopu ʻana, manaʻoʻiʻo nā kauka e lilo nā noi cannabis ʻē aʻe i mea kaulana no nā keiki, e hoʻonui nui ana i nā nīnau pediatrician mai nā mākua hoihoi e lohe ana i ka cannabis ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ke hōʻike nei kekahi mau noiʻi i nā pono o ka cannabis, aia kahi ʻōlelo aʻo kūʻē i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cannabis, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā neonatal. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka nele o nā haʻawina.
No laila, pono e aʻo ʻia nā pediatricians i ka ʻike a me nā haʻawina o kēia manawa o CBD e hiki ke pane kūpono i nā mākua ke nīnau ʻia inā hiki i ka CBD ke kōkua i kā lākou keiki.
